Each gas puts off a different color when it is being electrically charged, or at least the ones in this machine. Some gases may give off more similar colors. The blaze orange color is the gas Neon.
Looking through these refractory glasses it make a prism effect off of all light sources. I gives you a spectrum in the 8 main cardinal directions -so every 45 degrees around any light source-. The spectrum is also based off of the main source of light that you are refracting. The orange light went from a green to yellow to orange to red, but the white light of the ELMO projector had a much different spectrum, going through the entire spectrum of the rainbow. The light can get pushed into itself too and makes a blue to cyan to white to yellow to red.
This second gas, helium, has a spectrum that doesnt seem to run together as the other ones did, but are instead vertical lines parallel to each other that could fit a line or two in between each of them. This is almost the full spectrum of the rainbow, but in a different hue or saturation maybe, I'm not an art major.
Argon has a very very dim light spectrum, and is a pinkish hue. Once you get it dark enough and get up close you can see a full deep rainbow. From a rich purple to a rich red it covers all colors of the rainbow stunningly.
Nitrogen is another pinkish hue. It beautifully captures the entire rainbow as well.
Carbon Dioxide is a light blue, cyan type color. It makes an interesting rainbow with lots of nice unique greens, and yellows.
The more electrons a gas has the more color bars it will make. Light is made by electrons leaving the its orbital level to go up an orbital level to charge something. Then the electron goes back to it's orbital level and that gives off light. The more electrons you can have jumping in and out the more refractory lines you will get.
20 January, 2011
Activity 2 1-20-11 Antacids
Write the formula for Tums? How does Tums chemically react with water and stomach acid?
CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) is the active ingredient in tums. It dissolves in water, but not very well. The negatively charged CO3 bonds readily to positive H atoms and so it dissolves better in an acidic solution.
(CO3^-2) + (H+) --> (HCO3-) + (H+) --> H2CO3 <---> (H2O) + (CO2)
carbonate Bicarbonate Carbonic Acid
How many Tums are needed to neutralize a can of coke?
Quite a few. I would guess at least 500 mg of CaCO3 worth of tums, at least.
Activity 1 1-20-11 Experimental Design and Conclusions
Reflect on the expansion of water and salt water experiments you and your classmates performed. What are some of the interesting results and struggles with this experiment.
It was interesting to be able to show that water expands even if you don't have the fanciest tools to measure. Sometimes your eyes are wrong and you have to rely on an experiment to explain something, but with a lot of things you can see the change. It was also cool to see that everyone kind of had the same thing, showing that this is not too hard of an experiment, and that experiments in general are not too hard if you make sure to set up good procedures and then follow them.
Is the earth warming?
Yes. Or it's at least becoming more dynamic, whether it be colder or hotter or whatever global warming is supposed to bring. More hurricanes if I had to guess. Global warming though is the warming of the near surface air and oceans.
Why is there a controversy around that?
You can't just go out and measure the ozone layer and show people how big it is. You have to measure CO2 levels and other levels of certain molecules, and depending on where and when you do them you could get very different results. This is because the earth is always moving things around and so the level could be on thing one day and something else the next, but that old amount will now be somewhere new and this new amount came from somewhere else. Also, just showing that the oceans are getting warmer is a correlational study and doesn't show causal relationships. This is very important because it allows people to easily say things like it's just the earth's natural cycle, and you can't say 'no we've caused it' because you've only shown that it's getting higher and not why it's getting higher. Now that they do show why it is getting higher though, such as cars, there are too many other factors for people to have to stop being ignorant and realizing that they are part of the problem.
It was interesting to be able to show that water expands even if you don't have the fanciest tools to measure. Sometimes your eyes are wrong and you have to rely on an experiment to explain something, but with a lot of things you can see the change. It was also cool to see that everyone kind of had the same thing, showing that this is not too hard of an experiment, and that experiments in general are not too hard if you make sure to set up good procedures and then follow them.
Is the earth warming?
Yes. Or it's at least becoming more dynamic, whether it be colder or hotter or whatever global warming is supposed to bring. More hurricanes if I had to guess. Global warming though is the warming of the near surface air and oceans.
Why is there a controversy around that?
You can't just go out and measure the ozone layer and show people how big it is. You have to measure CO2 levels and other levels of certain molecules, and depending on where and when you do them you could get very different results. This is because the earth is always moving things around and so the level could be on thing one day and something else the next, but that old amount will now be somewhere new and this new amount came from somewhere else. Also, just showing that the oceans are getting warmer is a correlational study and doesn't show causal relationships. This is very important because it allows people to easily say things like it's just the earth's natural cycle, and you can't say 'no we've caused it' because you've only shown that it's getting higher and not why it's getting higher. Now that they do show why it is getting higher though, such as cars, there are too many other factors for people to have to stop being ignorant and realizing that they are part of the problem.
19 January, 2011
Last Homework (11-20)
Apple Sauce
-High Fructose Corn Syrup
-Glucose
-H20
- Ascorbic Acid
Kool-Aid
-Sugar
-Fructose
-Citric Acid
Isopropyl Alcohol
-Isopropyl
-H2O
Bleach
-Sodium Hypochlorite
Linoleum
-Calcium Carbonate
-Cork, Rosin (Cellulose)
-Linseed Oil
Alcohol
So I have started to realize 20 is a lot and here is that alcohol I was saying I wasn't going to post, oh how naive I was.
-Ethanol
Bottle Cap
-Iron is combined with many other elements to make it stronger and turn it into steel. There is no one steel molecule, but here is Iron.
Helium
Pool Water
-H2O
-Chlorine
For my last one I am going to do phosphorus and arsenic, because we use phosphorus and that one crazy bacteria uses arsenic, and all though that isn't all around us in the world it's much cooler than the pot I cook my food in.
-Phosphorus
-Arsenic
-High Fructose Corn Syrup
Kool-Aid
-Sugar
-Fructose
-Citric Acid
-Ascorbic acid
-Vitamin E
-Acetate
-Calcium Phosphate
-Allura Red AC (Red 40)
Isopropyl Alcohol
-Isopropyl
Bleach
-Sodium Hypochlorite
-Calcium Carbonate
-Linseed Oil
Alcohol
So I have started to realize 20 is a lot and here is that alcohol I was saying I wasn't going to post, oh how naive I was.
-Ethanol
-Iron is combined with many other elements to make it stronger and turn it into steel. There is no one steel molecule, but here is Iron.
Pool Water
-H2O
-Chlorine
For my last one I am going to do phosphorus and arsenic, because we use phosphorus and that one crazy bacteria uses arsenic, and all though that isn't all around us in the world it's much cooler than the pot I cook my food in.
-Phosphorus
-Arsenic
Homework 2 1-19-11 Stuff around us? and last homework 1-10
For your last homework assignment, choose 20 items around you in your world and list their ingredients or materials down to the molecular level. List the chemical names of the ingredients and show a molecular structure image.
I am going to start with a food, kind of.
Baking Powder
-Corn Starch
-Amylose
-Amylopectin
-Bicarbonate of Soda/ NaHCO3 
-Sodium Aluminum Sulfate (I like seeing some metal in my foods. Builds strong bones.)
It looks like this when it has no water with it, but apparently it loves water and will turn into something else. AlNa(SO4)2
It looks like this after its got some water to be friends with. AlNa(SO4)2 + 12 H2O
I could not find any pictures of the molecular structure of Sodium Aluminum Sulfate, but I did find this one so Sodium Aluminum Disulfate. But you can see the sodium ions and the aluminum ions hanging outside of what must be the disulfate.
-Acid Phosphate of Calcium
"calcium acid phosphate Also known as monocalcium phosphate and acid calcium phosphate or ACP, Ca(H2PO4)2. Used as the acid ingredient of baking powder and self‐raising flour, since it reacts with bicarbonate to liberate carbon dioxide."
Read that and made me wonder why you can't make a better cake than your mom with chemistry. This is kind of a confusing one because it's has one of those names that I feel should be said differently that Acid Phosphate of Calcium, like is that even what I posted is about? I am not sure, but figured the wording seemed like they just moved the front word to the back and added an of before it. I also have a feeling that it is also called monocalcium phosphate, and here is a picture of that. But this picture might be Calcium dihydrogen phosphate. They seem to all make sense being similar names for a similar thing.
Paper
-Cellulose
Many things though are made from cellulose, and it goes into making textiles, such as this cotton shirt I have on now. It also makes up cardboard as we talked about in class.
I am going to start with a food, kind of.
Baking Powder
-Corn Starch
-Amylose
It looks like this when it has no water with it, but apparently it loves water and will turn into something else. AlNa(SO4)2
It looks like this after its got some water to be friends with. AlNa(SO4)2 + 12 H2O
I could not find any pictures of the molecular structure of Sodium Aluminum Sulfate, but I did find this one so Sodium Aluminum Disulfate. But you can see the sodium ions and the aluminum ions hanging outside of what must be the disulfate.
-Acid Phosphate of Calcium
"calcium acid phosphate Also known as monocalcium phosphate and acid calcium phosphate or ACP, Ca(H2PO4)2. Used as the acid ingredient of baking powder and self‐raising flour, since it reacts with bicarbonate to liberate carbon dioxide."
Read that and made me wonder why you can't make a better cake than your mom with chemistry. This is kind of a confusing one because it's has one of those names that I feel should be said differently that Acid Phosphate of Calcium, like is that even what I posted is about? I am not sure, but figured the wording seemed like they just moved the front word to the back and added an of before it. I also have a feeling that it is also called monocalcium phosphate, and here is a picture of that. But this picture might be Calcium dihydrogen phosphate. They seem to all make sense being similar names for a similar thing.
Paper
-Cellulose
Cooking Pot
-Aluminum
Paint
-Paint is made up of a few different things that are the set things you need for any paint. One of those 3 things is a pigment. Some of these are calcium carbonate which give it a blue or green color, but since I have already showed you that here's a titanium dioxide molecule, TiO2. It is actually rutile, which is one form of TiO2. It is really cool looking though and I like how the molecules brain off of the middle.
Another thing you need is what is going to keep this pigment to the wall, and that is something like acrylic or latex. Latex is a polymer so it makes those long chains. Acrylic in paints I also think is a polymer. The latex may also be a hydrocarbon polymer, but I cannot find a picture of one. The third main ingredient is a water so that you can apply the paint, but I am sure there are tons of other things that you can add thicken, etc. your paint.
Onions
Things that were kept separate in the plant mix when you cut into it causing sulfenic acids to produce propanethiol S-oxide, a volatile sulfur compound that wafts upward toward your eyes. This gas reacts with the water in your tears to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid burns, stimulating your eyes to release more tears to wash the irritant away.He is a picture of sulfuric acid because that is the molecule that you make when the propanethiol S-oxide and your tears come into contact.
Caffeine
Caffeine is something in a lot of the things around us and especially being in college is something that people love, especially teachers, because how else are you going to get through school. I have already showed alcohol in another blog post, but I am a huge fan of how much people that are against drugs love to do drugs. Realizing that I could legally drink and drive when I turned 21 regularly made me laugh out loud, but drugs are a part of everyday life. Just look at family gathering/ gatherings in general, what do people bring? Alcohol of course. So they bring drugs, and here is caffeine, another drug loved by the masses.
Table Salt
-NaCl. This is an image of the crystal structure of salt.
Reese's Peanut Butter Cups
-Milk Chocolate
Ramen Soup
-Enriched wheat flower
Vaseline
-White Petrolatum
Homework 1-19-11
Use the pH paper to develop a table and graph of the pH of common things around your home. (10+ liquids)
Develop and experiment to see how much antacid is needed to neutralize an acidic liquid. (with 1 liquid)
I did mine with my orange juice from concentrate because that is the most acidic liquid I have. It has a pH of 3 and you can see from the graph below that as I added tums the pH got more base, but stopped at around 6.
I could not get excel to graph this and my SPSS wouldn't work, maybe because I got a loaner computer, but so I made it in Paint. pH is on the x-axis and the amount of calcium carbonate is on the y-axis. You can see where it hit a ceiling affect at 6 pH, which must be close to the pH of tums.
| Liquid | pH |
| Tap Water | 7 |
| Tequila | 6 |
| Rum | 5 |
| Vodka | 5 |
| Orange Juice from Concentrate | 3 |
| Brita Filtered Water | 6.5 |
| Chocolate Milk | 6.5 |
| 2% Milk | 6.5 |
| Saliva | 8 |
| Saliva #2 | 7 |
Develop and experiment to see how much antacid is needed to neutralize an acidic liquid. (with 1 liquid)
I did mine with my orange juice from concentrate because that is the most acidic liquid I have. It has a pH of 3 and you can see from the graph below that as I added tums the pH got more base, but stopped at around 6.
Activity 5 1-19-11
Which is more acidic?
pH 3 is more acidic than pH 4 because as you get closer to 0 you get more and more acidic, and as you get closer to 14 you get closer to being base. & is neutral pH and distilled water has a pH of 7.
By how many times?
10 times. One level of pH difference has ten times the concentration of positive hydrogen atoms because it is a log function.
pH 3 is more acidic than pH 4 because as you get closer to 0 you get more and more acidic, and as you get closer to 14 you get closer to being base. & is neutral pH and distilled water has a pH of 7.
By how many times?
10 times. One level of pH difference has ten times the concentration of positive hydrogen atoms because it is a log function.
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